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🔔 Electrical Machine–I Test scheduled for 21 September 2026 has been cancelled due to a technical issue. Further updates will be announced shortly.
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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
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Electrical Machine - I
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DATE
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QUESTIONS
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⚡ TechBranchHub Electrical Engineering Simulator
Animated Electrical Machines & Power Systems
1️⃣ Transformer — Electromagnetic Induction
AC Input → Magnetic Flux → Induced Voltage
AC INPUT
230 V
230 V
→
PRIMARY
COIL
COIL
→
MAGNETIC
FLUX
FLUX
→
SECONDARY
COIL
COIL
→
OUTPUT
115 V
115 V
Animation: Purple rotating dashed ring magnetic flux ko represent karta hai.
⚙️ Parameters
1️⃣ AC primary winding mein current flow karta hai.
2️⃣ Current changing magnetic flux produce karta hai.
3️⃣ Magnetic flux core se secondary tak link hota hai.
4️⃣ Secondary winding mein EMF induce hota hai.
5️⃣ Turns ratio output voltage decide karta hai.
2️⃣ Three Phase Induction Motor
Electrical Energy → Magnetic Field → Torque → Mechanical Rotation3-PHASE
SUPPLY
SUPPLY
→
ROTATING
MAGNETIC FIELD
MAGNETIC FIELD
→
ROTOR
CURRENT
CURRENT
→
TORQUE
⚙️
⚙️
Rotor synchronous speed se thoda slow hota hai. Isi difference ko Slip kehte hain.
⚙️ Motor Input
1️⃣ Three-phase supply stator winding ko energize karti hai.
2️⃣ Stator rotating magnetic field create karta hai.
3️⃣ Magnetic field rotor conductors ko cut karta hai.
4️⃣ Rotor mein induced current develop hota hai.
5️⃣ Rotor current + magnetic field = electromagnetic torque.
6️⃣ Torque ki wajah se rotor aur shaft rotate karte hain.
3️⃣ AC Generator / Alternator
Mechanical Energy → Magnetic Flux → Electrical EnergyTURBINE
MECHANICAL INPUT
MECHANICAL INPUT
→
ROTATING
ROTOR
ROTOR
→
EMF
INDUCTION
INDUCTION
→
AC
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
Waveform ka animation generated AC voltage ko represent karta hai.
⚙️ Generator
1️⃣ Prime mover turbine generator shaft ko rotate karta hai.
2️⃣ Rotor magnetic field rotate karta hai.
3️⃣ Changing flux stator conductors ko link karta hai.
4️⃣ Stator winding mein EMF induce hota hai.
5️⃣ Electrical output terminals par milta hai.
4️⃣ Three Phase AC
R, Y, B phases — 120° phase differenceR PHASE
Y PHASE
B PHASE
Teen phases same frequency par operate karti hain aur ideal balanced system mein 120° apart hoti hain.
1️⃣ Generator three phase voltages produce karta hai.
2️⃣ Phases ke beech 120° electrical displacement hota hai.
3️⃣ Three phase load ko energy transfer hoti hai.
4️⃣ Active power = √3 × VL × IL × cosφ.
5️⃣ RLC Series Circuit
AC source → Resistance → Inductance → CapacitanceAC
→
R
→
L
→
C
→
I
Frequency change karne par XL aur XC change hote hain, isliye current bhi change hota hai.
1️⃣ AC source circuit ko voltage provide karta hai.
2️⃣ Resistor current ko resist karta hai.
3️⃣ Inductor XL = 2πfL provide karta hai.
4️⃣ Capacitor XC = 1/(2πfC) provide karta hai.
5️⃣ XL aur XC ke difference se impedance change hoti hai.
6️⃣ Current I = V/Z se milta hai.
6️⃣ Full Wave Bridge Rectifier
AC → Diodes → Pulsating DCAC
INPUT
INPUT
→
4
DIODES
DIODES
→
DC
OUTPUT
OUTPUT
D1
D2
D3
D4
Animation mein diode pair alternate conduct karta hai.
1️⃣ AC input bridge mein enter hota hai.
2️⃣ Positive half cycle mein ek diode pair conduct karta hai.
3️⃣ Negative half cycle mein doosra pair conduct karta hai.
4️⃣ Load current ki direction same rehti hai.
5️⃣ Output pulsating DC hota hai.
7️⃣ Coal Based Thermal Power Plant 🔥⚡
Complete animated power generation process
🪨 COAL
Coal Handling + Pulverizer
Coal Handling + Pulverizer
↓
🔥 BOILER / FURNACE
🔥
🔥
🔥
Coal burns → Heat Energy
↓
💨 SUPERHEATED STEAM
💨
💨
💨
High Temperature + High Pressure
↓
⚙️ STEAM TURBINE
Steam Energy → Mechanical Rotation
RPM: 3000
RPM: 3000
↓
⚡ GENERATOR
Mechanical Energy → Electrical Energy
Mechanical Energy → Electrical Energy
⚡
⚡
⚡
Voltage:
11000 V
↓
🔌 STEP-UP TRANSFORMER
Voltage increased for transmission
Voltage increased for transmission
↓
🏙️ TRANSMISSION GRID
⚡
⚡
⚡
Power → Substation → Consumers
🔥 Energy Conversion:
🪨 Chemical Energy
↓
🔥 Heat Energy
↓
💨 Steam Energy
↓
⚙️ Mechanical Energy
↓
⚡ Electrical Energy
↓
🔌 Transmission
🪨 Chemical Energy
↓
🔥 Heat Energy
↓
💨 Steam Energy
↓
⚙️ Mechanical Energy
↓
⚡ Electrical Energy
↓
🔌 Transmission
⚙️ Plant Parameters
1️⃣ 🪨 Coal Handling: Coal plant mein aata hai aur pulverizer usse fine powder banata hai.
2️⃣ 🔥 Boiler: Pulverized coal burn hone se heat energy produce hoti hai.
3️⃣ 💨 Steam: Boiler water ko high-pressure steam mein convert karta hai.
4️⃣ ⚙️ Turbine: High-pressure steam turbine blades ko push karti hai aur shaft rotate hota hai.
5️⃣ ⚡ Generator: Turbine generator rotor ko rotate karta hai aur electromagnetic induction se electricity generate hoti hai.
6️⃣ 🔌 Transformer: Generator voltage ko transmission ke liye high voltage par step-up kiya jata hai.
7️⃣ 🏙️ Grid: High-voltage electrical power transmission system ke through consumers tak jaati hai.
8️⃣ 💧 Condenser: Turbine exhaust steam ko water mein convert karta hai.
9️⃣ 💧 Feed Pump: Water ko dobara boiler ki taraf bhejta hai.
⚡ 3D AC Generator Simulator
See how mechanical rotation is converted into electrical energy
N
S
RPM: 600
Output
ROTATION
600 RPM
FREQUENCY
10 Hz
RELATIVE EMF
50%
📖 How Does an AC Generator Work?
1
Mechanical input
A prime mover rotates the generator rotor.
A prime mover rotates the generator rotor.
2
Magnetic field
The rotor/field system produces magnetic flux through the stator winding.
The rotor/field system produces magnetic flux through the stator winding.
3
Electromagnetic induction
As the magnetic flux linking the coil changes, an EMF is induced in the winding.
As the magnetic flux linking the coil changes, an EMF is induced in the winding.
4
Electrical output
The induced EMF produces an alternating electrical output when the circuit is connected.
The induced EMF produces an alternating electrical output when the circuit is connected.
Faraday's Law:
EMF ∝ rate of change of magnetic flux.
Student Experiment:
Move the RPM slider from 300 → 1800 RPM. Observe how the rotation, frequency and generated-voltage indicator change.
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